The system description
According to Fig. 1, the VPP operator is in two-way coordination with the market operator and the distribution system operator. It manages the energy of resources, storage devices, and loads based on its own goals, as well as the market operator and network operator objectives. In other words, it maximizes the financial benefit gained from the energy and ancillary service market based on its own goals. It also controls its injected power into the network based on the network operator’s goals until the network operation limits are met. This condition is met when there is a smart platform in the network, VPP, and the market. Hence, the term “intelligent distribution network” was used in this article. Based on the proposed structure in Fig. 1, VPP can be owned by a private company, or it can be owned by the power distribution network.
